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million in dollars) | last_tour = Confessions Tour (2006) | this_tour = Sticky & Sweet Tour (2008-09) | next_tour = The MDNA Tour (2012) }} Sticky & Sweet Tour was the eighth concert tour by American singer Madonna to promote her eleventh studio album, ''Hard Candy''. It began in August 2008 and was Madonna's first tour from her new recording and business deal with Live Nation. The tour was announced in February 2008, with dates for European and North American venues revealed. Though initially planned, the tour did not visit Australia due to financial problems and the financial recession. Costume designer Arianne Phillips designed the costumes, supported by a number of famous designers and brands. The stage for the main show was planned similarly to that of her previous 2006 Confessions Tour. After the tour concluded in 2008, Madonna announced plans of playing a second European leg in 2009 to play in territories she either had never been to or had not played for a long time. The tour was described as a "rock driven dancetastic journey". It was divided into four acts: Pimp, where S&M was the main theme, Old School where Madonna's classic songs were performed while displaying work of deceased artist Keith Haring, Gypsy, a fusion of Romani folk music and dance with the performances ranging from melancholy to joyous, and Rave, where the performances had eastern influences. The last section of the show included a special 'request song', to which the audience was invited to sing-along. Some changes were made to the set list during the second European leg of the tour in 2009, including a dance tribute to deceased singer Michael Jackson. The tour generated positive reviews from critics. The Sticky & Sweet Tour broke many records in terms of its ticket sales, commercial gross and audience attendance. After the first leg, it became the highest grossing tour by a solo artist, earning US $282 million ($ in dollars), breaking the previous record Madonna herself held with her Confessions Tour. Overall, Madonna performed to over 3.5 million fans in 32 countries, grossing a total of US $408 million ($ in dollars), making it the second highest-grossing tour of all time, behind only The Rolling Stones's ''A Bigger Bang Tour''. It still remains the highest-grossing tour by a female artist and the fifth highest-grossing tour of all time. At the 2009 Billboard Touring Awards, the Sticky & Sweet Tour won the Top Tour and Top Draw prizes, which acknowledge the highest-grossing and highest-attended tours of the year, respectively. Madonna's manager Guy Oseary won the Top Manager award. While on tour, a number of statements by Madonna against 2008 American Republican Presidential and Vice Presidential candidates John McCain and Sarah Palin respectively, faced strong opposition from the Republican Party. While performing in Romania in 2009, Madonna's statement about gypsy discrimination in eastern European countries was also received negatively. During the second leg, two workers constructing her stage at Stade Vélodrome in Marseille were killed when the roof of the stage collapsed. The Sticky & Sweet Tour has been broadcast on a number of private channels and a CD-DVD and Blu-ray version of the concert was released in March 2010. == Background == The world tour was officially confirmed on May 8, 2008, by Guy Oseary, Madonna's manager, and Arthur Fogel, Live Nation's Global Touring CEO and Global Music Chairman. ''Billboard'' confirmed that the tour was to begin on August 23, 2008 in Cardiff, Wales, with performances throughout the rest of the year. It was titled Sticky & Sweet Tour and planned to visit three continents on 50–60 dates. The tour was produced globally by Live Nation and promoted Madonna's studio album ''Hard Candy'' (2008).〔 ''Billboard'' also confirmed performances in Europe until the end of September, arenas and stadiums in sixteen markets of North America in October and November, followed by stadiums of Mexico and South America in late November and early December.〔 The tour was described as a "rock driven dancetastic journey". The show featured four acts: ''Pimp'', a homage to 1920s deco and modern-day gangsta pimp, ''Old School'', portraying early '80s downtown New York City dance roots with works of deceased artist Keith Haring and the dance culture vibe of that time, including the birth of rap – ''Gypsy'', consisting of Romani folk music and dance, and lastly ''Rave'', consisting of eastern influences. On January 30, 2009, it was announced that Madonna had decided to resume the tour in the summer of 2009, with around twenty-five more shows in Europe. The second leg of the tour was to start from London at The O2 on July 4, wrapping up two months later in Tel Aviv, Israel. The rest of the dates included stadiums and parks in European markets Madonna had either never played or did not play in several years, according to Fogel. He said, "It absolutely has not happened in the four tours I've been involved with, () There has been talk (extending ) during each one, but it has never come to be. But with this one, she loves the show, she's had a great time and she's excited about playing new markets. () We went to quite a few markets she has never played or hasn't been to in 15-plus years. This () is really a continuation of that in the sense of playing new and different markets."〔 Originally, Live Nation reported that the tour would make stops in America and Europe. Music promoter and manager Michael Chugg stated that an Australian leg "will happen" and that local promoters were working hard to make it fruitful. Madonna had apologized to her Australian fans during the 2006 Confessions Tour, saying that she tried to work Australia into her schedule but ultimately could not. Her last tour in Australia was The Girlie Show World Tour in 1993. In October 2008, the Australian TV show ''Sunrise'' reported that Madonna will tour Australia in January 2009. She had agreed for performances in Sydney and Melbourne, but they were eventually cancelled. Local promoter Michael Coppel stated,
With the announcement of the 2009 extension, the ''Herald Sun'' reported that Madonna planned to tour Australia in September 2009, with one show in Melbourne to be held at the Telstra Dome. It was later reported that the rumored date was false. Fogel stated, "() there is no validity to the reports." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sticky & Sweet Tour」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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